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Tasmanian Tiger: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Thylacines.jpg|thumb|left|The same family in 1910. Photo by unknown photographer.]] | [[File:Thylacines.jpg|thumb|left|The same family in 1910. Photo by unknown photographer.]] | ||
There is evidence for at least some year-round breeding, though the prime breeding season was winter and spring. Litters of two to four joeys would be carried in the mother's pouch for about three months. Once they left the pouch, the young would remain in the den until they were old enough to hunt. There has only been one successful captive breeding: in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Zoo Melbourne Zoo] in 1899. The life expectancy in the wild was 5-7 years, however they could live up to 9 years in human care. | There is evidence for at least some year-round breeding, though the prime breeding season was winter and spring. Litters of two to four joeys would be carried in the mother's pouch for about three months. Once they left the pouch, the young would remain in the den until they were old enough to hunt. There has only been one successful captive breeding: in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Zoo Melbourne Zoo] in 1899. The life expectancy in the wild was 5-7 years, however they could live up to 9 years in human care. | ||
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Despite being fearsome carnivores, there is some controversy and speculation over the preferred prey size of the Thylacine/Tasmanian Tiger. In 2011, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales University of New South Wales] performed a study using advanced computer modelling. The results concluded the tiger had surprisingly weak and feeble jaws. Another study in 2020 produced similar results. Animals are usually capable of taking on prey close to their own body size, but the studies suggest a 30 kilograms (66 lb.) Tasmanian Tiger would only be able to take on an animal of 5 kilograms (11 lb.). Scientists now believe they ate primarily small animals, such as possums and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandicoot bandicoots]. This would put them in direct competition with the Tasmanian Devil and Tiger Quoll. | Despite being fearsome carnivores, there is some controversy and speculation over the preferred prey size of the Thylacine/Tasmanian Tiger. In 2011, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales University of New South Wales] performed a study using advanced computer modelling. The results concluded the tiger had surprisingly weak and feeble jaws. Another study in 2020 produced similar results. Animals are usually capable of taking on prey close to their own body size, but the studies suggest a 30 kilograms (66 lb.) Tasmanian Tiger would only be able to take on an animal of 5 kilograms (11 lb.). Scientists now believe they ate primarily small animals, such as possums and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandicoot bandicoots]. This would put them in direct competition with the Tasmanian Devil and Tiger Quoll. | ||
The last captive Tasmanian Tiger (known as a Thylacine in this case) was a female, and she lived as an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endling endling] (the known last of its species) at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart_Zoo Hobart Zoo] until her passing in the night of 7 September 1936. | The last captive Tasmanian Tiger (known as a Thylacine in this case) was a female, and she lived as an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endling endling] (the known last of its species) at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart_Zoo Hobart Zoo] until her passing in the night of 7 September 1936. She had been captured by one Elias Churchill with a snare trap and was sold to the zoo in May 1936. The sale was not publicly announced because the use of snare traps was illegal. After her passing, the remains were transferred to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_Museum_and_Art_Gallery Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery]. Due to the illegal nature of her capture, the ordeal was not properly recorded and almost forgotten about until circa 2022. A taxidermist record dated from 1936 or 1937 was discovered and had a mention the animal. This led to a full audit of all thylacine remains at the museum and the endling's successful identification. | ||
The Tasmanian Tiger/Thylacine held the status of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species endangered species] until the 1980s. International standards at the time stated that ''"an animal can not be declared extinct until 50 years have passed without a confirmed record"''. Since no definitive proof of existence had been obtained for more than 50 years, the official criteria had been met and the Tasmanian Tiger was declared extinct by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature] in 1982 and by the Tasmanian government in 1986. The species was removed from Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 2013. | |||
|trivia=[[File:Coat of arms of Tasmania.svg|thumb|right| The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania Coat of Arms of Tasmania], featuring Tasmanian tigers/thylacines. The Latin phrase ''Ubertas et Fidelitas'' means "Fertility and Faithfulness".]] | |trivia=[[File:Coat of arms of Tasmania.svg|thumb|right| The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania Coat of Arms of Tasmania], featuring Tasmanian tigers/thylacines. The Latin phrase ''Ubertas et Fidelitas'' means "Fertility and Faithfulness".]] | ||
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* The thylacine/Tasmanian tiger is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics) basal] member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasyuromorphia Dasyuromorphia] order. | * The thylacine/Tasmanian tiger is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics) basal] member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasyuromorphia Dasyuromorphia] order. | ||
* They had an unusual talent of being able to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%22Benjamin%22.jpg open their jaws up to 80 degrees]. | * They had an unusual talent of being able to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%22Benjamin%22.jpg open their jaws up to 80 degrees]. | ||
* Captive Thylacines/Tasmanian Tigers had a clear preference for birds, particularly chickens. | |||
* It is featured on the Coat of Arms of Tasmania. | * It is featured on the Coat of Arms of Tasmania. | ||
* Thanks to preserved specimens in private collections and museums, its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing whole genome sequence] has been mapped and there are efforts to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning clone] them and bring them back to life. | * Thanks to preserved specimens in private collections and museums, its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing whole genome sequence] has been mapped and there are efforts to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning clone] them and bring them back to life. | ||
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* Paddle (2000), pp. 228–231 | * Paddle (2000), pp. 228–231 | ||
* "Shrinking Tasmanian tigers: Resizing an Australian icon". phys.org. Retrieved 19 August 2020. | * "Shrinking Tasmanian tigers: Resizing an Australian icon". phys.org. Retrieved 19 August 2020. | ||
* "Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Thylacine mystery solved in TMAG collections". | |||
* [https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/05/tasmanian-tiger-remains-of-the-last-known-thylacine-unearthed-in-museum "Tasmanian tiger: remains of the last-known thylacine unearthed in museum"]. the Guardian. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022. | |||
* "Amendments to Appendices I and II of the Convention" (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 19 April 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2014. | |||
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